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rational conduct

  • 1 благоразумное поведение

    rational behavior, rational conduct

    Russian-english psychology dictionary > благоразумное поведение

  • 2 благоразумное поведение

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > благоразумное поведение

  • 3 Psychoanalysis

       [Psychoanalysis] seeks to prove to the ego that it is not even master in its own house, but must content itself with scanty information of what is going on unconsciously in the mind. (Freud, 1953-1974, Vol. 16, pp. 284-285)
       Although in the interview the analyst is supposedly a "passive" auditor of the "free association" narration by the subject, in point of fact the analyst does direct the course of the narrative. This by itself does not necessarily impair the evidential worth of the outcome, for even in the most meticulously conducted laboratory experiment the experimenter intervenes to obtain the data he is after. There is nevertheless the difficulty that in the nature of the case the full extent of the analyst's intervention is not a matter that is open to public scrutiny, so that by and large one has only his own testimony as to what transpires in the consulting room. It is perhaps unnecessary to say that this is not a question about the personal integrity of psychoanalytic practitioners. The point is the fundamental one that no matter how firmly we may resolve to make explicit our biases, no human being is aware of all of them, and that objectivity in science is achieved through the criticism of publicly accessible material by a community of independent inquirers.... Moreover, unless data are obtained under carefully standardized circumstances, or under different circumstances whose dependence on known variables is nevertheless established, even an extensive collection of data is an unreliable basis for inference. To be sure, analysts apparently do attempt to institute standard conditions for the conduct of interviews. But there is not much information available on the extent to which the standardization is actually enforced, or whether it relates to more than what may be superficial matters. (E. Nagel, 1959, pp. 49-50)
       3) No Necessary Incompatibility between Psychoanalysis and Certain Religious Formulations
       here would seem to be no necessary incompatibility between psychoanalysis and those religious formulations which locate God within the self. One could, indeed, argue that Freud's Id (and even more Groddeck's It), the impersonal force within which is both the core of oneself and yet not oneself, and from which in illness one become[s] alienated, is a secular formation of the insight which makes religious people believe in an immanent God. (Ryecroft, 1966, p. 22)
       Freudian analysts emphasized that their theories were constantly verified by their "clinical observations."... It was precisely this fact-that they always fitted, that they were always confirmed-which in the eyes of their admirers constituted the strongest argument in favour of these theories. It began to dawn on me that this apparent strength was in fact their weakness.... It is easy to obtain confirmations or verifications, for nearly every theory-if we look for confirmation. (Popper, 1968, pp. 3435)
       5) Psychoanalysis Is Not a Science But Rather the Interpretation of a Narrated History
       Psychoanalysis does not satisfy the standards of the sciences of observation, and the "facts" it deals with are not verifiable by multiple, independent observers.... There are no "facts" nor any observation of "facts" in psychoanalysis but rather the interpretation of a narrated history. (Ricoeur, 1974, p. 186)
       6) Some of the Qualities of a Scientific Approach Are Possessed by Psychoanalysis
       In sum: psychoanalysis is not a science, but it shares some of the qualities associated with a scientific approach-the search for truth, understanding, honesty, openness to the import of the observation and evidence, and a skeptical stance toward authority. (Breger, 1981, p. 50)
       [Attributes of Psychoanalysis:]
       1. Psychic Determinism. No item in mental life and in conduct and behavior is "accidental"; it is the outcome of antecedent conditions.
       2. Much mental activity and behavior is purposive or goal-directed in character.
       3. Much of mental activity and behavior, and its determinants, is unconscious in character. 4. The early experience of the individual, as a child, is very potent, and tends to be pre-potent over later experience. (Farrell, 1981, p. 25)
       Our sceptic may be unwise enough... to maintain that, because analytic theory is unscientific on his criterion, it is not worth discussing. This step is unwise, because it presupposes that, if a study is not scientific on his criterion, it is not a rational enterprise... an elementary and egregious mistake. The scientific and the rational are not co-extensive. Scientific work is only one form that rational inquiry can take: there are many others. (Farrell, 1981, p. 46)
       Psychoanalysts have tended to write as though the term analysis spoke for itself, as if the statement "analysis revealed" or "it was analyzed as" preceding a clinical assertion was sufficient to establish the validity of what was being reported. An outsider might easily get the impression from reading the psychoanalytic literature that some standardized, generally accepted procedure existed for both inference and evidence. Instead, exactly the opposite has been true. Clinical material in the hands of one analyst can lead to totally different "findings" in the hands of another. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 128)
       The analytic process-the means by which we arrive at psychoanalytic understanding-has been largely neglected and is poorly understood, and there has been comparatively little interest in the issues of inference and evidence. Indeed, psychoanalysts as a group have not recognized the importance of being bound by scientific constraints. They do not seem to understand that a possibility is only that-a possibility-and that innumerable ways may exist to explain the same data. Psychoanalysts all too often do not seem to distinguish hypotheses from facts, nor do they seem to understand that hypotheses must be tested in some way, that criteria for evidence must exist, and that any given test for any hypothesis must allow for the full range of substantiation/refutation. (Peterfreund, 1986, p. 129)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychoanalysis

  • 4 Verhalten

    Verhalten n PERS (AE) behavior, (BE) behaviour, conduct
    * * *
    n < Person> behavior (AE), behaviour (BE), conduct
    * * *
    Verhalten
    demeano(u)r, behavio(u)r, [line of] conduct, bearing, attitude, goings-on (coll.), approach, process, (Verhaltensweise) policy, dealing;
    • aufeinander abgestimmtes Verhalten (Kartellrecht) restricted (concerted) practices, quasi agreement (US);
    • achtloses Verhalten (Verkehrsteilnehmer) negligence;
    • berufsethisches Verhalten professional demeano(u)r;
    • berufswidriges Verhalten unethical conduct, malpractice;
    • betrügerisches Verhalten fraud;
    • diskriminierendes Verhalten discriminatory conduct;
    • fehlerhaftes Verhalten fault;
    • geschäftsschädigendes Verhalten discreditable conduct of business;
    • gewerkschaftsfeindliches Verhalten antiunion attitude, blackleggery (Br.);
    • bewusst gleichartiges Verhalten (Kartellrecht) conscious parallelism of action (US);
    • interventionistisches Verhalten interventionist approach;
    • kollegiales Verhalten loyal attitude;
    • korruptes Verhalten malversation;
    • marktgerechtes Verhalten action in conformity with the market;
    • marktorientiertes Verhalten marketing behavio(u)r;
    • ökonomisches Verhalten economic behavio(u)r;
    • ordnungsmäßiges Verhalten right conduct, correct (orderly) behavio(u)r, proprieties;
    • ordnungswidriges Verhalten disorderly conduct;
    • saisonbedingtes Verhalten seasonal behavio(u)r;
    • sozialwidriges Verhalten unfair industrial practices (Br.);
    • standesgemäßes Verhalten professional conduct, ethical behavio(u)r;
    • standes- und ehrenrühriges Verhalten conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman;
    • standeswidriges Verhalten infamous behavio(u)r, malpractice, [professional (unethical)] misconduct, unethical conduct, (Anwalt) conduct discreditable to a barrister;
    • ungehöriges Verhalten incorrect behavio(u)r;
    • fortgesetztes ungehöriges Verhalten (Angestellter) history of misconduct;
    • unqualifiziertes Verhalten (Beamter) poor behavio(u)r;
    • unsoziales Verhalten dissociality;
    • mit berufsethischen Grundsätzen unvereinbares Verhalten conduct inconsistent with the standards;
    • vernünftiges Verhalten (Wirtschaftstheorie) rational behavio(u)r;
    • weiteres Verhalten subsequent conduct;
    • wettbewerbswidriges Verhalten anti-competitive behavio(u)r;
    • standeswidriges Verhalten eines Anwalts conduct discreditable to a barrister (unbefitting a solicitor, Br.);
    • Verhalten des Arbeitnehmers employee attitude;
    • verdächtiges Verhalten bei Ausschusssitzungen suspicious proceedings in committee meetings;
    • schuldhaftes Verhalten eines Handelsvertreters wilful misconduct on the part of an agent;
    • Verhalten auf dem Markt market conduct;
    • unzumutbares Verhalten des Mieters misconduct of a tenant;
    • Verhalten der Wirtschaftsbeteiligten conduct of market players;
    • einer Firma korrektes Verhalten bescheinigen to give a firm a clean bill of health.

    Business german-english dictionary > Verhalten

  • 5 verhalten

    Verhalten n PERS (AE) behavior, (BE) behaviour, conduct
    * * *
    adj <Börse, Geschäft> subdued
    * * *
    Verhalten
    demeano(u)r, behavio(u)r, [line of] conduct, bearing, attitude, goings-on (coll.), approach, process, (Verhaltensweise) policy, dealing;
    • aufeinander abgestimmtes Verhalten (Kartellrecht) restricted (concerted) practices, quasi agreement (US);
    • achtloses Verhalten (Verkehrsteilnehmer) negligence;
    • berufsethisches Verhalten professional demeano(u)r;
    • berufswidriges Verhalten unethical conduct, malpractice;
    • betrügerisches Verhalten fraud;
    • diskriminierendes Verhalten discriminatory conduct;
    • fehlerhaftes Verhalten fault;
    • geschäftsschädigendes Verhalten discreditable conduct of business;
    • gewerkschaftsfeindliches Verhalten antiunion attitude, blackleggery (Br.);
    • bewusst gleichartiges Verhalten (Kartellrecht) conscious parallelism of action (US);
    • interventionistisches Verhalten interventionist approach;
    • kollegiales Verhalten loyal attitude;
    • korruptes Verhalten malversation;
    • marktgerechtes Verhalten action in conformity with the market;
    • marktorientiertes Verhalten marketing behavio(u)r;
    • ökonomisches Verhalten economic behavio(u)r;
    • ordnungsmäßiges Verhalten right conduct, correct (orderly) behavio(u)r, proprieties;
    • ordnungswidriges Verhalten disorderly conduct;
    • saisonbedingtes Verhalten seasonal behavio(u)r;
    • sozialwidriges Verhalten unfair industrial practices (Br.);
    • standesgemäßes Verhalten professional conduct, ethical behavio(u)r;
    • standes- und ehrenrühriges Verhalten conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman;
    • standeswidriges Verhalten infamous behavio(u)r, malpractice, [professional (unethical)] misconduct, unethical conduct, (Anwalt) conduct discreditable to a barrister;
    • ungehöriges Verhalten incorrect behavio(u)r;
    • fortgesetztes ungehöriges Verhalten (Angestellter) history of misconduct;
    • unqualifiziertes Verhalten (Beamter) poor behavio(u)r;
    • unsoziales Verhalten dissociality;
    • mit berufsethischen Grundsätzen unvereinbares Verhalten conduct inconsistent with the standards;
    • vernünftiges Verhalten (Wirtschaftstheorie) rational behavio(u)r;
    • weiteres Verhalten subsequent conduct;
    • wettbewerbswidriges Verhalten anti-competitive behavio(u)r;
    • standeswidriges Verhalten eines Anwalts conduct discreditable to a barrister (unbefitting a solicitor, Br.);
    • Verhalten des Arbeitnehmers employee attitude;
    • verdächtiges Verhalten bei Ausschusssitzungen suspicious proceedings in committee meetings;
    • schuldhaftes Verhalten eines Handelsvertreters wilful misconduct on the part of an agent;
    • Verhalten auf dem Markt market conduct;
    • unzumutbares Verhalten des Mieters misconduct of a tenant;
    • Verhalten der Wirtschaftsbeteiligten conduct of market players;
    • einer Firma korrektes Verhalten bescheinigen to give a firm a clean bill of health.

    Business german-english dictionary > verhalten

  • 6 realización

    f.
    1 realization, accomplishment, attainment, achievement.
    2 liquidation, close-out, clearance sale, closeout.
    * * *
    1 (de un deseo) fulfilment (US fulfillment)
    2 (ejecución) execution, carrying out
    3 (de obra, película) production
    * * *
    noun f.
    realization, fulfilment
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de proyecto] carrying out
    2) [de promesa] fulfilment, fulfillment (EEUU)
    3) [de propósito] achievement, realization
    4) [de viaje, vuelo, visita, compra] making
    5) (Econ) realization; (=venta) sale, selling-up; (=liquidación) clearance sale

    realización de beneficios, realización de plusvalías — profit taking

    6) (Cine, TV) production; (Radio) broadcast
    7) (Ling) performance
    * * *
    1) ( de tarea) carrying out, execution (frml); (de sueños, deseos) fulfillment*, realization
    2) (Cin, TV) production
    3) ( de bienes) realization, disposal

    realización de beneficios or (AmL) utilidades — profit-taking

    * * *
    = execution, realisation [realization, -USA], actualisation [actualization, -USA].
    Ex. Those are the elements which will contribute directly to the execution of these skills with greater competence.
    Ex. Likewise, a library or consortium -- and ultimately the user -- is ill-served by a system which inhibits the realisation of a rational collection policy by permitting the duplication of expensive items.
    Ex. In today's economic situation we are seeing the actualization of the nongrowth library.
    ----
    * autorealización = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].
    * encontrar la realización de Uno = be + Posesivo + big scene.
    * en realización = underway [under way], underway [under way], in progress, under preparation.
    * FEDRIP (Investigación Federal en Realización) = FEDRIP (Federal Research in Progress).
    * metodología para la realización de encuestas = survey methodology.
    * posibilidad de realización = potential for fulfilment.
    * realización de actividades = conduct of business.
    * realización de cursos = coursework [course work].
    * realización de los estudios escolares en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].
    * realización de préstamos = checkout [check-out].
    * realización de varias tareas simultáneamente = concurrent tasking.
    * realización personal = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA], self-fulfilment [self-fulfillment, -USA], self-realisation, personal fulfilment.
    * * *
    1) ( de tarea) carrying out, execution (frml); (de sueños, deseos) fulfillment*, realization
    2) (Cin, TV) production
    3) ( de bienes) realization, disposal

    realización de beneficios or (AmL) utilidades — profit-taking

    * * *
    = execution, realisation [realization, -USA], actualisation [actualization, -USA].

    Ex: Those are the elements which will contribute directly to the execution of these skills with greater competence.

    Ex: Likewise, a library or consortium -- and ultimately the user -- is ill-served by a system which inhibits the realisation of a rational collection policy by permitting the duplication of expensive items.
    Ex: In today's economic situation we are seeing the actualization of the nongrowth library.
    * autorealización = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA].
    * encontrar la realización de Uno = be + Posesivo + big scene.
    * en realización = underway [under way], underway [under way], in progress, under preparation.
    * FEDRIP (Investigación Federal en Realización) = FEDRIP (Federal Research in Progress).
    * metodología para la realización de encuestas = survey methodology.
    * posibilidad de realización = potential for fulfilment.
    * realización de actividades = conduct of business.
    * realización de cursos = coursework [course work].
    * realización de los estudios escolares en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].
    * realización de préstamos = checkout [check-out].
    * realización de varias tareas simultáneamente = concurrent tasking.
    * realización personal = self-actualisation [self-actualization, -USA], self-fulfilment [self-fulfillment, -USA], self-realisation, personal fulfilment.

    * * *
    A
    1 (de una tarea) carrying out, execution ( frml)
    2 (de sueños, deseos) fulfillment*, realization
    B ( Cin, TV) production
    C (de bienes) realization, disposal
    realización de beneficios or ( AmL) utilidades profit-taking
    * * *

     

    realización sustantivo femenino
    1 ( de tarea) carrying out, execution (frml);
    (de sueños, deseos) fulfillment( conjugate fulfillment), realization
    2 (Cin, TV) production
    realización sustantivo femenino
    1 (ejecución, elaboración) carrying out
    (consecución) achievement
    2 TV production
    Cine direction
    ' realización' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    confección
    - cumplimiento
    - ejecución
    - operación
    - culminación
    English:
    accomplishment
    - achievement
    - execution
    - fruition
    - fulfillment
    - fulfilment
    - performance
    - production
    - realization
    * * *
    1. [ejecución] [de esfuerzo, viaje, inversión] making;
    [de operación, experimento, trabajo] performing; [de encargo] carrying out; [de plan, reformas] implementation; [de desfile] organization
    2. [cumplimiento] [de sueños, deseos] fulfilment, realization
    4. [satisfacción personal] self-fulfilment
    5. [película, programa] production
    6. [actividad] [en cine] direction;
    [en televisión] editing
    7. Ling realization
    * * *
    f
    1 personal, de sueños fulfillment, Br
    fulfilment
    2 RAD, TV production
    * * *
    realización nf, pl - ciones : execution, realization

    Spanish-English dictionary > realización

  • 7 न्यायः _nyāyḥ

    न्यायः [नियन्ति अनेन; नि-इ घञ्]
    1 Method, manner, way, rule, system, plan; अधार्मिकं त्रिभिर्न्यायैर्निगृह्णीयात् प्रयत्नतः Ms.8.31; अनुक्ते हि न्याये न प्रतीमो$र्थान्तरम् ŚB. on MS.6. 2.5; तस्मान्नावस्थितो न्यायः प्रत्युद्ध्रियेत ŚB. on MS.6.2.1. ननु लिङ्गमसाधकं, न्याय उच्यतां यस्यैतद् द्योतकमिति ŚB. on MS.6. 2.3.
    -2 Fitness, propriety, decorum; न्यायाधारा हि साधवः Ki.11.3.
    -3 Law, justice, virtue, equity, righteousness, honesty; यान्ति न्यायप्रवृत्तस्य तिर्यञ्चो$पि सहायताम् A. R.1.4.
    -4 A law-suit, legal proceeding.
    -5 Judicial sentence, judgment.
    -6 Policy, good government.
    -7 Likeness, analogy.
    -8 A popular maxim, an apposite illustration, illustration, as दण्डापूपन्याय, काकतालीयन्याय, घुणाक्षरन्याय &c.; see Appendix.
    -9 A Vedic accent; न्यायैस्त्रिभिरुदीर्णम् Ku.2.12. (Malli. takes न्याय to mean स्वर; but it is quite open, in our opinion, to take न्याय in the sense of 'a system' or 'way'; 'which are manifested in three systems, i. e. ऋक्, यजुस् and सामन्'); न्यायगर्भद्विजाः Bh.3. 55.
    -1 (In gram.) A universal rule.
    -11 A system of Hindu philosophy founded by the sage Gautama.
    -12 The science of logic, logical philosophy.
    -13 A com- plete argument or syllogism (consisting of five mem- bers; i. e. प्रतिज्ञा, हेतु, उदाहरण, उपनय and निगमन).
    -14 An epithet of Viṣṇu. (न्यायेन ind. in the way of, after the manner or analogy of; बधिरान्मन्दकर्णः श्रेयानिति न्यायेन &c.).
    -Comp. -आगत a. rightly got, acquired (money).
    -आचार a. virtuous.
    -आधारः an example of virtue or propriety,
    -आभासः semblance of reason, sophism.
    -उपेत rightly admitted.
    -निर्वपण a. bestowing justly.
    -णः N. of Śiva; Mb.13.17.126 (com. न्याययुक्तं निर्वपणं दानं यस्य).
    -पथः the Mīmāṁsā philosophy; (pl.) the different philosophical systems; Bhāg.
    -वर्तिन् a. well behaved, acting justly.
    -वादिन् a. one who speaks what is right or just.
    -विद्या, -शिक्षा; see न्यायशास्त्र.
    -वृत्तम् good conduct, virtue.
    -शास्त्रम् 1 the philosophi- cal system of the Nyāya school.
    -2 the science of logic.
    -संबद्ध a. rational, logical.
    -सारिणी proper or suit- able behaviour.
    -सूत्रम् the aphorisms of Nyāya philo- sophy by Gautama.
    *****[Note: A few of the common Nyāyas or popular maxims that were given under this word by Prin. Apte are taken in the Appendix along with many others.]

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > न्यायः _nyāyḥ

  • 8 דבר

    דָּבָרm. (b. h.; preced.) 1) word, utterance, command (cmp. דִּיבּוּר). B. Bath.56b (ref. to Deut. 19:15) ד׳ ולא חצי ד׳ a statement (testimony) but not a partial statement. Mekh. Bo, introd. היה הד׳ לאהרן (Tanḥ. ib. 5 דבור) the word of the Lord came to ; a. fr.דְּבַר תורה according to the Biblical law. Erub.81; a. fr.Pl. דְּבָרִים, constr. דִּבְרֵי. ד׳ תורה Biblical laws; ד׳ סופרים Rabbinical laws. Ib. Yeb.IX, 3; a. fr.ד׳ קבלה prophetic exhortations or incidental utterances in other Biblical books than the Pentateuch. Ḥag.10b; Nidd.23a; a. e.B. Mets.49a; Bekh.13b ד׳ יש בהם משום מחוסרי אמנה to word of mouth the rules concerning the faithless are applied, i. e. a verbal agreement is morally binding. B. Mets.48a הנושא ונותן בד׳וכ׳ he who contracts verbally has no legal claim. Ib. ד׳ ואיכא … קאי באבל he who retracts a verbal transaction with which a payment of money was connected, comes under the category of those against whom the words ‘but the scholars declared (ib. IV, 2) has been pronounced.דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים the Book of Chronicles. Lev. R. s. 1. B. Bath.14b.דָּבָר אַהֵר (abbrev. ד״א) another interpretation (is this). Gen. R. s. 1, beg.; a. fr. 2) thing, affair, object, occurrence Sot.28b ד׳ שיש בו דעת לישאל an object which has sense to ask, i. e. a rational being, opp. ד׳ שאיןוכ׳ dumb creatures Num. R. s. 11 ד׳ שבינך לבינו that which concerns only thy relation to God; v. בֵּין.ד׳ שבממון a monetary affair. B. Mets.94a; a. fr.ד׳ הלמד מענינו a thing (law) derived from the context on the very subject. Sifra, introd.; a. fr.ד׳ אחר (abbr. ד״א) something not to be named, a) idolatry. Men. XIII, 10 ואין צריך לומר לד״א much less priests who have been offering to idols; a. fr.b) swine. Ber.43b (prov.) תלה ליה קורא לד״אוכ׳ hang a palm shoot around the swine and it will follow its habits (of wallowing in the mud). Sabb.129a sq.; a. e.c) leprosy Ib. אי פגעבד״א קשה לד״א if he meets a swine (after blood letting), he is in danger of becoming a leper.d) unchaste conduct, sexual intercourse, sodomy Ib. 17b על בנותיהן משוםד״א ועלד״א משוםד״א they forbade connection with their daughters on account of idolatry, and decreed something else (that a gentile child should be unclean as though afflicted with gonorrhœa) on account of sodomy. Ber.8b צנועיןבד״א chaste in marital life; a. fr.Pl. as above.בעל ד׳ the person to deal with, opponent, party. B. Mets.14a לאוב״ד דידי את I have nothing to do with thee; a. fr.לא היו ד׳ מעולם there were no such things, I deny it outright. Shebu.41b; a. fr.ד׳ בגב, ד׳ בגו, v. גַּב, גֵּו.

    Jewish literature > דבר

  • 9 דָּבָר

    דָּבָרm. (b. h.; preced.) 1) word, utterance, command (cmp. דִּיבּוּר). B. Bath.56b (ref. to Deut. 19:15) ד׳ ולא חצי ד׳ a statement (testimony) but not a partial statement. Mekh. Bo, introd. היה הד׳ לאהרן (Tanḥ. ib. 5 דבור) the word of the Lord came to ; a. fr.דְּבַר תורה according to the Biblical law. Erub.81; a. fr.Pl. דְּבָרִים, constr. דִּבְרֵי. ד׳ תורה Biblical laws; ד׳ סופרים Rabbinical laws. Ib. Yeb.IX, 3; a. fr.ד׳ קבלה prophetic exhortations or incidental utterances in other Biblical books than the Pentateuch. Ḥag.10b; Nidd.23a; a. e.B. Mets.49a; Bekh.13b ד׳ יש בהם משום מחוסרי אמנה to word of mouth the rules concerning the faithless are applied, i. e. a verbal agreement is morally binding. B. Mets.48a הנושא ונותן בד׳וכ׳ he who contracts verbally has no legal claim. Ib. ד׳ ואיכא … קאי באבל he who retracts a verbal transaction with which a payment of money was connected, comes under the category of those against whom the words ‘but the scholars declared (ib. IV, 2) has been pronounced.דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים the Book of Chronicles. Lev. R. s. 1. B. Bath.14b.דָּבָר אַהֵר (abbrev. ד״א) another interpretation (is this). Gen. R. s. 1, beg.; a. fr. 2) thing, affair, object, occurrence Sot.28b ד׳ שיש בו דעת לישאל an object which has sense to ask, i. e. a rational being, opp. ד׳ שאיןוכ׳ dumb creatures Num. R. s. 11 ד׳ שבינך לבינו that which concerns only thy relation to God; v. בֵּין.ד׳ שבממון a monetary affair. B. Mets.94a; a. fr.ד׳ הלמד מענינו a thing (law) derived from the context on the very subject. Sifra, introd.; a. fr.ד׳ אחר (abbr. ד״א) something not to be named, a) idolatry. Men. XIII, 10 ואין צריך לומר לד״א much less priests who have been offering to idols; a. fr.b) swine. Ber.43b (prov.) תלה ליה קורא לד״אוכ׳ hang a palm shoot around the swine and it will follow its habits (of wallowing in the mud). Sabb.129a sq.; a. e.c) leprosy Ib. אי פגעבד״א קשה לד״א if he meets a swine (after blood letting), he is in danger of becoming a leper.d) unchaste conduct, sexual intercourse, sodomy Ib. 17b על בנותיהן משוםד״א ועלד״א משוםד״א they forbade connection with their daughters on account of idolatry, and decreed something else (that a gentile child should be unclean as though afflicted with gonorrhœa) on account of sodomy. Ber.8b צנועיןבד״א chaste in marital life; a. fr.Pl. as above.בעל ד׳ the person to deal with, opponent, party. B. Mets.14a לאוב״ד דידי את I have nothing to do with thee; a. fr.לא היו ד׳ מעולם there were no such things, I deny it outright. Shebu.41b; a. fr.ד׳ בגב, ד׳ בגו, v. גַּב, גֵּו.

    Jewish literature > דָּבָר

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